Van der Waerden number $W(5,9)$

The smallest number $n$ such that if the integers $1$ to $n$ are colored with $5$ colors, there must be a monochromatic arithmetic progression of length $9$.

Lower bound: $978929596$ (978,929,596)
Upper bound: Unknown

Verified bounds

Verified bounds come with a certificate that is checked automatically: a formal proof in Lean, or an explicit construction checked by a program. Submit a certificate.

Updates from the literature