Minimal superpermutation length $L(9)$

The length of the shortest string that contains each permutation of $9$ symbols as a contiguous substring.

Lower bound: $408246$ (408,246)
Upper bound: $408966$ (408,966)

Verified bounds

Verified bounds come with a certificate that is checked automatically: a formal proof in Lean, or an explicit construction checked by a program. Submit a certificate.

Updates from the literature