de Bruijn-Newman constant
The de Bruijn-Newman constant $\Lambda$ is defined via the zeros of a certain function $H(\lambda,z)$, where $\lambda$ is a real parameter and $z$ is a complex variable. More precisely, $H(\lambda, z):=\int_{0}^{\infty} e^{\lambda u^{2}} \Phi(u) \cos (z u) \, du$, where $\Phi$ is the super-exponentially decaying function $\Phi(u) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} (2\pi^2n^4e^{9u}-3\pi n^2 e^{5u} ) e^{-\pi n^2 e^{4u}}$ and $\Lambda$ is the unique real number with the property that $H$ has only real zeros if and only if $\lambda\geq \Lambda$.
Lower bound:
$\ge 0$
Upper bound:
$\le 0.2$
Updates
-
1950-09
Upper bound: $\le 0.5$
de Bruijn, N. G. (1950). The roots of trigonometric integrals. Duke Math. J., 17(1), 197-226.
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1987-09
Lower bound: $-50$
Csordas, G., Norfolk, T. S., & Varga, R. S. (1987). A low bound for the de Bruijn-newman constant Λ. Numerische Mathematik, 52, 483-497.
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1990-12
Lower bound: $-5$
te Riele, H. J. (1990). A new lower bound for the de Bruijn-Newman constant. Numerische Mathematik, 58, 661-667.
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1991-06
Lower bound: $-0.0991$
Csordas, G., Ruttan, A., & Varga, R. S. (1991). The Laguerre inequalities with applications to a problem associated with the Riemann hypothesis. Numerical Algorithms, 1(2), 305-329.
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1993-12
Lower bound: $-5.895 \times 10^{-9}$
(≈-5.895e-09)
Csordas, G., Odlyzko, A. M., Smith, W., & Varga, R. S. (1993). A new Lehmer pair of zeros and a new lower bound for the de Bruijn-Newman constant Λ. Electronic Transactions on Numerical Analysis, 1, 104-111.
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2000-09
Lower bound: $-2.7 \times 10^{-9}$
(≈-2.7e-09)
Odlyzko, A. M. (2000). An improved bound for the de Bruijn-Newman constant. Numerical Algorithms, 25, 293-303.
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2009-09-10
Upper bound: $\lt 0.5$
Ki, H., Kim, Y. O., & Lee, J. (2009). On the de Bruijn-Newman constant. Advances in Mathematics, 222(1), 281-306.
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2011-03-09
Lower bound: $-1.1 \times 10^{-11}$
(≈-1.1e-11)
Saouter, Y., Gourdon, X., & Demichel, P. (2011). An improved lower bound for the de Bruijn-Newman constant. Mathematics of Computation, 80(276), 2281-2287.
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2019-08-26
Upper bound: $\le 0.22$
Polymath, D. H. J. (2019). Effective approximation of heat flow evolution of the Riemann ξ function, and a new upper bound for the de Bruijn-Newman constant. Research in the Mathematical Sciences, 6, 1-67.
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2020-04-06
Lower bound: $\ge 0$
Rodgers, B., & Tao, T. (2020, January). The de Bruijn-Newman constant is non-negative. In Forum of Mathematics, Pi (Vol. 8, p. e6). Cambridge University Press.
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2021-01-22
Upper bound: $\le 0.2$
Platt, D., & Trudgian, T. (2021). The Riemann hypothesis is true up to 3· 10 12. Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society, 53(3), 792-797.
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